Waveform capnography is a useful tool to identify when patients with an altered mental status need assisted ventilation with a bag valve mask. The patient’s respiratory rate should increase as CO2 rises, and decrease as CO2 falls. ETCO2 adds an objective measurement to those findings. We assess this by observing chest rise and fall, assessing respiratory effort, counting respiratory rate, and listening to breath sounds. In people with healthy lungs, the brain responds to changes in CO2 levels in the bloodstream to control ventilation. ETCO2 provides clues about respiratory effort Pulse-oximetry assess oxygenation, and works by measuring the how much of each red blood cell is bound with oxygen. Ventilation is the air movement in and out of the lungs, while oxygenation is the amount of oxygen inhaled by the lungs that reaches the bloodstream. In patients who require assisted ventilation, another adapter can be attached to a BVM and advanced airway device.Ĭapnography assesses ventilation, which is different from oxygenation. Those prongs can also be used to administer a small amount of oxygen, or applied underneath a non-rebreather or CPAP mask. In patients who are breathing, nasal prongs can be applied that capture exhaled air. Two sensors can be used to measure capnography. Changes in respiratory rate and tidal volume are displayed immediately as changes in the waveform and ETCO2. Capnography also measures and displays the respiratory rate. The capnograph is the waveform that shows how much CO2 is present at each phase of the respiratory cycle, and it normally has a rectangular shape. This is end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) which is normally 35-45 mm Hg. The number is capnometry, which is the partial pressure of CO2 detected at the end of exhalation. Waveform capnography represents the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in exhaled air, which assesses ventilation.
Capnography provides breath-to-breath ventilation data Here are five things you should know about waveform capnography.
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